Adam James - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2274 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Serial Killer Essay Did you like this example? On July 2018, Adam James committed suicide in prison. He was a sexually motivated serial killer. His looks had made him an object of mockery during his childhood, and even success in his career did not help in making any woman want to be in a relationship with him. He grew up with bitterness and blamed all the women in his life for his suffering. He, therefore, decided to find pleasure in punishing the women by torturing, raping and killing his victims. Adam James was born in 1976 in a small village in Texas. Adam had a normal relationship with his birth parents. They loved and cared for him like they did his siblings. His brother and two sisters were very good looking, but Adams looks were the exact opposite. However, his parents did not treat him any different. All this changed when his parents got a divorce when he was just ten years old. His father took full custody of him and his younger sister May. A year later, his father remarried. His new stepmother had three children of her own. His stepmother mistreated him and called him names just because he was ugly. To avoid annoying his new wife, Adams father watched in silence as his son got scarred for life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adam James" essay for you Create order High school life is usually difficult for those who are unpopular. Adam was ridiculed and made fun of by boys his age. His seniors bullied him making it his worst nightmare. Life became a little bearable when Sheila, one of the popular girls started paying attention to him. They went out for movies, and she even asked him to accompany her to prom. However, on prom night, she showed up holding Adams half-brothers hand. When he demanded an explanation, she laughed saying she had been making fun of him all this while. The trauma and the embarrassment he suffered that day reminded him that his looks were always going to be part of his life. His stepmother later confessed that she had known that Sheila and her son were mocking him. The bitterness made Adam try to commit suicide. His younger sister walked in just as he had finished taking an entire bottle of sleeping pills. He never forgave her for saving his life. Counseling helped take away his suicidal thoughts. Instead of hurting himself because of the social rejection, he decided to punish his oppressors. In his eyes, all good looking women were trouble. His stepmother had made him hate himself and regret being born. The girl who mocked him and hurt his feelings by insulting his sincerity. His younger sister had prolonged his sufferings by saving his life. His mother had taken custody of his siblings instead of fighting for him. Looking at how all the women in his life and contributed to his suffering, regardless of whether this was done willingly or unwillingly, Adam was determined to take revenge. He worked had to succeed in his career as an auditor in a governmental agency. He lived comfortably in the city and never lacked anything. He seemed friendly to all those who knew him. His warmth towards people was merely an act to hide what he felt about women and society in general. Adam fits in the category of organized serial killers. This is illustrated by the fact that he is socially stable and intelligent (Silkes, 2018). Adams psychological development can be explained using Erik Eriksons theory. Looking at the first stage of trust versus mistrust, Adam was able to trust people since he experienced love and care during his early childhood. This is why he did not suspect anything when Sheila approached him. The second psychosocial stage is autonomy versus shame and doubt. This is where the child gains independence by having choices. Adam was insulted and mistreated by his stepmother because of his looks; he became ashamed of himself. During the third stage of initiative versus guilt, Adam was able to become initiative. Forced by his circumstances and the societal rejection, he had to find a way to become successful so that people will not have other reasons to look down upon him. This creativity is demonstrated in his crime scenes which he was always able to recreate. The fourth psychosocial stage of industry versus inferiority explains Adams inferiority complex. The rejection he suffered made him want to take control of his victims to feel better about himself.Stage five which deals with identity versus confusion explains the life Adam lived and why he chose it. He was unable to find his true identity since what everybody said about him was different from what he wanted to think about himself. For this reason, he felt insecure, lost and did not know his place in this world. This is why he did not have a concrete plan for his future, which is indicated by the fact that he did not get married. The sixth stage involves intimacy versus isolation. Adam was unable to form relationships with people his age in high school and college. At home, he did not have a good relationship with his stepmother and her children. Women always rejected him. This made him feel alone and isolated. He was unable to form any relationships. When his neighbors d isplayed kindness, he smiled and pretended to enjoy their warmth but deep inside he felt that they were all hypocrites. The seventh stage of generativity versus stagnation explains Adams involvement in community activities. Even though a part of him wanted to prevent suspicion, he also wanted to take part in the activities as he had developed a sense of purpose. Although he felt disconnected from the people, he enjoyed the activities they took part in.The eighth stage is the integrity versus despair. Looking at the life he had lived, and what he was going through in prison, Adam felt that he had no hope for a better future. He knew that he would always be mistreated and looked down upon. It is this despair that pushed him to end his life (Sokol, 2009). Adam managed to hide his crimes for about three years. During this period he pretended to be a law-abiding citizen who nobody could suspect. Everybody in his community respected him. When asked why he was not married, he always said that he had a wife and two children who lived in his hometown taking care of his sickly mother. As a respected civil servant, people bought his story without asking any more questions. To hide his criminal activities, he committed more crimes. Anybody who suspected him or saw him kidnapping a woman was shot on the spot. As a rich man, he was able to bribe police officers who knew of his presence at some of the places where the girls went missing. Adam always ensured that he did not leave anything that can lead back to him on the crime scene. On 20th September 2016, Adam was arrested for the murder of Jane Paul 23, and Suzie Daniel 19. Body parts of these two victims were found and some old cars at Adams junkyard which he ran as a part-time job. The victims were found by a 20-year-old homeless man who wanted to steal some spare parts to sell. On seeing the bodies, the boy ran away screaming, and the passers-by came to see what was going on. The passers-by called the police. Forensic analysis was used to identify the victims and their cause of death.Thorough investigations were conducted to determine who killed the two women. Police records showed that the victims body shapes and sizes marched those of several missing women in the estate and neighboring towns. Adams junkyard became a total mess as the police dug looking for more bodies. Human bones and some other decaying bodies were discovered. The police then got a warrant to search his house where they found seven women locked in cages. When Adam realized that the wome n had been found, he still could not watch them leave. He torched his house with the officers and victims inside. Luckily for them, they all escaped with minor burns. Upon his arrest, Adam knew that he had no escape. He confessed to the kidnapping of several women, one of whom was his sister. He also gave up the names of the officers who asked him for bribe whenever he was a suspect in a case. Adam was sentenced to 150 years in prison, three in solitary confinement. Almost all serial killers have certain reasons why they choose their victims as well as where. Some victims are randomly chosen while others are chosen based on a certain pattern or characteristics (Crane 2017). Adams victims are pretty women between the ages of 15-30years. They are slim and tall. Color is not a consideration though high cheekbones make the women appear more attractive in his eyes. The color of the hair does not matter so long as the hair is long. He picks his victims from dark alleys in his neighborhoods. He also picks prostitutes and strippers who match his taste. For the prostitutes and strippers, he picks them in a taxi on their way home pretending to be a taxi driver. Sometimes he attends the alcoholics anonymous meetings where he picks lonely depressed women seeking help and new hope in the meetings. When he picks his victims, normally on Fridays and Tuesdays, he drugs them and takes them to his home. When they regain consciousness, he makes sexual advances at them, but his looks make them turn him down. The rejection awakens an emotional part of him and his desire to be wanted increases. He gives them another chance to kiss him and have sex with him. If the woman still says no, she is taken to a room in the basement and locked in a cage. In the cages, the women are forced to stay naked as their clothes are burned to ashes. With no clothes, the hopes of escaping diminish and the woman cries herself to sleep. Food is supplied once a day, and the victim stays in the cage until the day he decides to punish her. It was later discovered that Adams victims looked like Sheila. The ritual and signature in a serial killers crime scene are fantasy-driven. In serial sexual homicides, there is a repetitive behavior observed in several cases. Unnecessary activities are done by the serial killer like taking something of little value from the victim and torturing them have been associated with the perpetrators sexual fantasies. The murders, on the other hand, are related to the arousal pattern of the sexual offenders (Schlesinger et al.). Adams case is no different. Before sexually violating his victims, he takes nude photos with them which he later hangs on his bedroom wall. He makes his victims walk on all fours calling his name. They are supposed to beg for his attention as they sing songs praising him. His emotional needs cannot be satisfied by the admiration of one woman. Each time, he takes two women from their cages, and in a secluded room, he forces them to fight for their lives. They are supposed to strangle each other until one dies. He promises that if one kills the other as a sign of her love for him, her life will be spared. If any two chosen women refused to strangle each other or follow in of his owners, he shoots them right away. The one who strangles her colleague and remains alive does not know that more pain and suffering await her. She is brutally raped before Adam burns her private parts with an iron bar. The victim is then stabbed to death. Adam writes the victims name on the wall using her blood. He then licks some of the blood which he finds to be a source of his strength. He likes keeping the bras of his victims as souvenirs to remind himself of his conquest. This indicates that he is in the category of power/control serial killer (Bonn, 2018). The arrest of Adam came as a surprise to his neighbors. At first, they thought it was a mistake. However, those who witnessed what happened on the day he was arrested knew that it was all true. Those whose daughters had suffered in the hands of this serial killer demanded justice. They believed that only his punishment would allow their daughters to rest in peace. His parents, except for his stepmother tried to defend him thinking that he was framed. It is only after his confession that they realized that he was guilty. They pleaded with the victims families to forgive their son, but when they realized that he had done the same to his sister as punishment for saving his life, they were convinced that their son was not mentally stable. The police said that Adam was a sexually motivated serial killer who had a high record of killings. They had been looking for him for very long, and they were happy that the mystery man was finally behind bars. In prison, Adam was sexually molested by his inmates. He used to get regular beatings as well as have his food eaten by other. Life in prison reminded him of his childhood and adolescence when others mistreated him. He could not imagine living like that for the rest of his life. He snatched a guards gun and shot himself to end his life. Suicide is common for more than 5 percent of serial killers especially those from dysfunctional homes (Lester White, 2012). Looking at Adams life with his family and how he died, it is correct to conclude that these statistics are true.

Efftect of Contraceptions - 2386 Words

Ten Disadvantages of Contraception* 1.Separates sex from LIFE 2.Fuels the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs/ STIs)a 3.Cheapens women (and men) 4.Some methods can cause early abortion 5.Promotes promiscuity 6.Is costly and unhealthy 7.Damages romance 8.Unleases the sex drive 9.Undermines love, marriage, family and society 10 Damages the human heart and the Whole Person: emotionally, socially, intellectually, physically, and morally/spiritually (that is, your inner-most being) * Contraception is anything done before, during, or after intercourse to try to prevent (stop) fertilization (which would make a baby). [from Womanity, 1994] Device Failure One disadvantage of contraception is that the devices†¦show more content†¦Other risk factors include obesity, older age, having several family members whove had blood clots before old age, air travel, and having to lie or sit for a prolonged period, as you might after major surgery. * Headaches. Headaches may start in women who have not previously had headaches, or can get worse in those who do. * Depression. Depression (sometimes severe) and other mood changes may occur. * Nausea and vomiting. This side effect usually goes away after the first few months of use or can be prevented by taking the pill with a meal. * Breast tenderness. Your breasts may become tender or may get larger. Breast tenderness is relatively common during the first month of BCPs and uncommon thereafter. * Breakthrough bleeding or spotting. Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods is very common in the first cycle of pills or if pills are missed or taken late. * Decreased enjoyment of sex. Some women experience a decreased interest in sex or a decreased ability to have orgasms. * Weight gain. Some women report slight weight gain. Weight gain is often caused by fluid retention or estrogen-induced fat deposits in the thighs, hips, and breasts. Weight gain may also be related to a reduction in physical activity or increased intake of food. In some women the androgenic effects from the progestins in their OCs can increase their appetite. * Chloasma (spotty darkening of the skin on the face). Darkening of the skin on the

Absenteeism And Organizational Productivity-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Is There Any Relation Between Lesser Compensations To The Employees And The Workplace Strikes? Is There Any Negative Impact Of High Workload Upon Employee Absenteeism In The Organization? Do Management And ER Issues Such As Workplace Bullying And Discrimination Affect The Employee Turnover Arte And Organizational Productivity? Answers: Introduction There is a continuous rise in the management issues faced by the organisational managers in context with the employee relations and their impact on employee turnover, absenteeism and organisational productivity. And there are expectations that there will be continuing rise of such issues because of numerous changes in the managerial practices. Therefore, it is the correct time for the HR professionals as well as the organisational managers to play a vital role in dealing with such issues and challenges of management by developing a research program and action plan. To manage the employee relation issues and other management issues related to the human resource department, it is essential that the managers must accommodate the employees in the virtual workplaces and also to introduce improved ways of managing the corporate culture and employee orientation (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The paper will highlight and study of the management issue in context with the human resource functio n of the big retail giant of Australia, named Woolworths Supermarkets. The management issues identified in the report will be linked and evaluated on the basis of the theoretical facts and models. Based upon the analysis, there will be identification of the few effective alternatives and recommendations which can for resolving the existing management issues or problems in the company. Overview of the Organisation The present study has been conducted in respect with the Australias one of the retail giants named Woolworths Supermarkets. Since past ninety two years, the company is operating its business functions across the globe. From the overall perspective, the management strategies and approaches of the organisation are quite impressive and reliable but at some of the aspects in terms of human resource function; it lacks and faces certain management issues. The key business operations of Woolworths comprises of the retailing and manufacturing function across the regions of New Zealand and Australia. There are almost 111,000 employees of the company who help the organisation to expand globally and recognized as a well-known and global brand in the retail sector (Woolworths Limited, 2017). Research Program The research program can be initiated by considering a series of plans for the company. Before implementing changes and improvements, it is essential that there is an effective research of the issues that are prevailing in the organisation. Following will be steps of the research program: Step 1: Define the objective of the research program Step 2: Establishing the benefits and drawbacks of the program Step 3: Developing the data in context with the impact of research program Step 4: Mapping the reasons behind the occurrence of issues and performing analysis Step 6: Identifying improvement strategise and solutions to the problem Step 7: Identifying ways to have increased involvement of the employees Step 8: Implementing strategies and recommendations (Carter, Murray and Gray, 2011) Current management Issue The manufacturing units and sites, there has been analysed several issues such as unrest and strikes by the employees because of the management issue regarding the inappropriate wages offered to the employees such as issues related to unpaid bonus scheme and lesser amount of wages in respect with the work done. Managing such violence and issues became a crucial management challenge for the organisational managers and the HR professionals of the company. Pressure to have a fair workings system became a common challenge for most of the retail organisations of the country (Ahsan, 2013). The organisational managers were found to be failing to meet the demands of eth employees and managing such employee related issue and the management for Woolworths tend to face a serious of associated consequences because of the issue. Due to the threat of competition and pressure from the consumers side, the key emphasis of these firms are on the total quality management and innovation and thus there i s less focus upon the management issues related to employee relations (Bridge, 2011). It is also analysed that the management issue of employee relations, there were found the high work pressure and over lead work has resulted in increased employee absenteeism at the organisation which is becoming an issue for the management to resolve at an immediate stage. There are worldwide practices regarding enhanced and improved workplace flexibility and work life balance of the employee and still if the organisation is pressurizing the workers by increased workload, there are certain issues atht arises and disturb the human resource management of the company (Smith, Heley and Stafford, 2011). The increased amount of unrest working has resulted in extended degree of absenteeism at the manufacturing unit of Woolworths as well as there also taken place lack of transparency and security issues that has resulted in workers strikes. And thus managing the absenteeism of the employees occurred as a big challenge for the organisation to manage effectively. The employee related management issue of Woolworths also comprises of one more challenges i.e. workplace bullying and employee discrimination (McKenzie, 2010). The overall management issue was because of the discrimination factor also as at the workplace, the women employees were not given an equal opportunity to develop and have rewards and recognition in comparison with eth other male employees. This occurred as one of the key management issues as there was a sudden decrease in the number of female employees at the workplace which results in challenge for the organisation against the rights of the women and women employment po licy (Lee, 2004). Some of the analysis found workplace bullying as the key reason for the deteriorate relation between the employees and the management that turned in increased rate of employee turnover. Thus, from the overall perspective, the management issue of employee relations sounds to be very challenging for the growth and profits of the company (Chavan, 2009). Analyse the findings The issues of unpaid bonuses and lesser wages have resulted in extreme management issue at the organisation in terms of employee relations as the Woolworths Supermarket has resulted for a strike from the employees. This management issue can be analysed and understood by the Unitary Theory of Industrial Relationship as the theory offered a loyal structure and a unified authority to the organisational management for effectively managing the adverse organisational situation and management issues (Tapia, Ibsen and Kochan, 2015). According to the aspects and view point of the unitary theory, all the organisational participants are place together as a team and are emphasized to work on the accomplishment of the shared goals, common objectives and shared values. Therefore, the unitary theory has its primary focus to maintain high level of industrial peace by resolving the conflicts and making all individuals work for a common goal (Burchill, et al., 2013). Another element of the management issue of employee relations at Woolworths is the higher degree of absenteeism and employee unrest which deteriorates the employee relations in more severe sense. The management issues of lack of transparency in context with the organisational commitment, security related issues, issues in relation to poor work-life balance and work-life balance of the employees can be explained and analyse with the System Theory of Industrial Relation Theory (Abbott, 2006). As per this theory, every company is required to develop and establish its system approach for influencing the functional as well as structural sociology of the industrial relation. Thus, according the aspects of the System Theory, the Woolworths is required to establish some systematic explanation and rule making-governing business operations for balancing the social system and work-life balance of the employees by framing a distinct industrial relationship system. The management issue of employee relations and aspects such as employee discrimination is the key factor behind disturbing the workplace culture of the Woolworths. The analysis and understanding of the management issue can be potentially done through Conflict Theory of Industrial Relations (Witt and Redding, 2013). As per this theory, there are diverse set of aspirations and values of the employees that potentially creates a conflict with the managerial decisions. As per the approach of conflict theory, there is resolutio n of the management issues and conflicts by collective bargaining and agreement. Therefore, Woolworths is required to effectively follow the conflict theory in order to resolve the management issue of employee relations so that the employees can be influenced and there can be effective participation of the workforce in decision making (Croucher and Morrison, 2012). Alternatives and recommendations to improve the performance of the organisation Analysing and considering the management issues of Woolworths, it has been analysed that the organisation is required to employ correct negotiation techniques for managing the actions of the organisational employees as well as to resolve the management issue of employee relations. to increase the production, the company used to make the workers work for additional hours as well as to save the costs, there has been provided lesser wages to the employees which has resulted in numerous issues. Thus, to manage the issue, the organisation must be implementation of work hour planning as well as pay scale increment so that the grievances of the employees can be reduced regarding the organisational management and as a result there can be increase productivity of the organisation (Alfes, et al., 2013). Another recommendation is that there must be effective job redesigning for both the casual as well as the full time employees so that their demands can be considered as well as it will help in enhancing the motivation of the employees towards the attainment of the organisational goals. It will also help in upsurge the level of employee retention, enhancing the work-life balance and reducing the employee unrest level which will ultimately improve the employee relations and management issue can be resolved (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). Overall, to manage the issue, there must be implementation of collective and distributive bargaining for improving the effectiveness of the negotiation of the complete process of industrial relationship. Since Woolworths is experiencing extensive employee relations issues, there could be done worker union engagement as it will be a potential strategy for managing the issue. An effective and proper evaluation and mapping of the implementation of the change strategy can support the organisational management in overcome the issues (Fruhen, Watkins and Jones, 2015). t is also recommended that all the changes in the policies of human resource management comprising of the compensation as well as the other activities in context with the jobs must be adequately communicated to the workforce prior to any kind of implementation in the organisation. Therefore, to overcome the management issue and improve the relations with the employees, the company is finally required to identify and evaluate the causes of deteriorate employee relationship with management and must implement the best possible practices that can help the organisation to overcome the same (Newman, 2014). Conclusion The primary statement of the paper highlights the current management issue of Woolworths. At the time of undertaking the research, the management issue highlighted was the unhealthy employment relations at the workplace of the organisation that comprises of the upsurge degree of employee absenteeism, workplace strikes, employee unrest, and bullying, lesser compensation and employee discrimination. It is analysed and concluded from the vast literature that the companies indulge in unethical practices such as unpaid bonuses to the employees, offering squat wages to the workforce, etc, because of the reason that they tend to increase their profit margin and revenues by deducting the cost of labour. And thus it results in strikes and payout issues in the management and there is a much need to develop a balance between both the employees as well as the management to avoid such management issues at the workplace. For effective and critical analysis the theory of Industrial Relationship suc h as System Theory, Conflict theory and Unitary Theory has been used which concludes that the issues can be resolved with successful implementation of such theories. Furthermore, the recommendations will help the company to regain its trust and have improve employee relations which can ultimately resolve the management issue. References Abbott, K. (2006). A review of employment relations theories and their application.Problems perspectives in management, (1), 187-199. Retrieved on: 11th September, 2016, Retrieved from: https://businessperspectives.org/media/zoo/applications/publishing/templates/article/assets/js/pdfjs/web/512 Ahsan, R. N. (2013). Offshoring and Wages.Australian Economic Review,46(1), 110-118. Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. C., Rees, C., Gatenby, M. (2013). The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), 839-859. Anderson, G., Bryson, J. (2006). Developing the statutory obligation of good faith in employment law: what might human resource management contribute.Victoria U. Wellington L. Rev.,37, 487. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Baert, S., Omey, E. (2015). Hiring discrimination against pro-union applicants: the role of union density and firm size.De Economist,163(3), 263-280. Boedker, C., Vidgen, R., Meagher, K., Cogin, J., Mouritsen, J., Runnalls, M. (2011).Leadership, culture and management practices of high performing workplaces in Australia: The high performing workplaces index. University of New South Wales, Australian School of Business. Bridge, J. (2011). Risk Management: Some Risks and Rewards in Implementing Diversity Policies.Keeping Good Companies,63(1), 18. Burchill, S., Linklater, A., Devetak, R., Donnelly, J., Nardin, T., Paterson, M., ... True, J. (2013).Theories of international relations. Palgrave Macmillan. Carter, L., Murray, P., Gray, D. (2011). The relationship between interpersonal relational competence and employee performance: a developmental model.International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences,6(3), 213-229. Chavan, M. (2009). The balanced scorecard: a new challenge.Journal of management development,28(5), 393-406. Croucher, R., Morrison, C. (2012). Management, worker responses, and an enterprise trade union in transition.Industrial Relations: a journal of economy and society,51(s1), 583-604. Fruhen, L. S., Watkins, C. D., Jones, B. C. (2015). Perceptions of facial dominance, trustworthiness and attractiveness predict managerial pay awards in experimental tasks.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1005-1016. Lee, M. (Ed.). (2004).HRD in a Complex World. Routledge. Luiz, J. (2016). Woolworths South Africa. Pp.22. McKenzie, H. (2010). Why gender is still an issue.Australasian Law Management Journal, (July 2010), 17. Newman, C. (2014). Time to address gender discrimination and inequality in the health workforce.Human resources for health,12(1), 25. Olins, W. (2017). The new guide to identity: How to create and sustain change through managing identity. Routledge. Smith, R. J., Heley, J., Stafford, I. (2011). Woolworths and Wales: A multi-dimensional analysis of the loss of a local brand.Sociological Research Online,16(1), 10. Tapia, M., Ibsen, C. L., Kochan, T. A. (2015). Mapping the frontier of theory in industrial relations: the contested role of worker representation.Socio-Economic Review,13(1), 157-184. Warhurst, C., Van den Broek, D., Hall, R., Nickson, D. (2009). Lookism: The new frontier of employment discrimination?.Journal of Industrial Relations,51(1), 131-136. Witt, M. A., Redding, G. (2013). Asian business systems: institutional comparison, clusters and implications for varieties of capitalism and business systems theory.Socio-Economic Review,11(2), 265-300. Woolworths Limited, (2017). About Us, Retrieved on: 11th September, 2016, Retrieved from: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/

Catholicism in English Essay Example For Students

Catholicism in English Essay As Chinese culture defines that only elder members of society can talk knowingly about subjects in both organisational and social contexts, employees therefore do not respect or listen to young managers thus conflict arises and poor performance results (Mwaura et al, 1998). The concept of giving face manifests the Confucian aspect of Chinese culture as this can often lead to many problems arising both in a social context and business. Bond and Kwang (1986) argue that the significance of the face concept severely affects the ability of a Chinese manager to make decisions. As they tend to attach great importance to the views others hold about them more than in western cultures, Chinese managers therefore avoid actions that for them are high risk, or about which there is some uncertainty regarding the correctness of the outcome. This can lead to a breakdown in communication because if no employee is willing to take the responsibility for making a decision, effectively the decision just gets passed around until someone forgets about it and then the blame is passed on too. This would cause significant problems during negotiations or when trying to develop relationships with western companies because nothing would get agreed and eventually a lot of tension and frustration would be caused. However, this concept of giving face can be misunderstood and lead to conflict arising as other cultures do not understand its significance and find it fairly rude. For example, Mah (2001) recounts one occasion when a close friend thought she was giving face to the British mother of her future son in law by complimenting on her beautiful gems and asking, How much they cost? In Mrs. Wangs eyes, she was giving her close relative a big dose of mian zi (face). But to Lady Sutherland, her bold question was merely a vulgar invasion of her privacy. The significance of this is it highlights how the culture discourse influences peoples actions and how they can be misinterpreted. But an understanding of why people may act differently to what you may be used to will help explain certain behaviours and also highlight what is required in terms of establishing and maintaining strong business relationships. For example, the business practice of exchanging business cards carries more significant symbolic value in Japan than in other countries; it is a sign of respect and social etiquette (Cohen, 2002). By not following this process, conflict will arise within the relationship, as not following traditional formal greetings will immediately cause bad impressions. Conclusion As businesses become more international and far reaching, this paper has highlighted the importance of understanding cultural differences when attempting to create relationships, specifically between eastern and western companies. As demonstrated, communication between different cultures is often very difficult because of the differences in meaning making defined by language, and also due to the underlying beliefs and values that influence what is the cultural norm. Therefore to rectify this situation, and thus develop and maintain relationships, organisations must acknowledge the importance of culture and at least make some effort to appreciate that differences are present, and try to gain a degree of cultural literacy (Schirato and Yell, 2000), to be able to understand better the intricacies involved in retaining a strong cross-cultural relationship. Bibliography Books Baldwin. E, Longhurst. B, McCracken. S, Ogburn. M, Smith. G (1999) Introducing cultural studies, Prentice Hall, London Brown. A (1995) Organisational Culture, Pitman Publishing Cohen. L (2002) Language and Organisation: Course Pack Geertz. C (1973) The Interpretation of Cultures, Fontana Press Gudykunst. W (1998) Bridging differences: Effective Intergroup Communication, Sage, London Hartley. P (1993) Interpersonal Communication, Routledge, London Hofstede. G (1980) Cultures consequences: International differences in work related values, Sage, California Jackson. N and Carter. .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .postImageUrl , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:hover , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:visited , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:active { border:0!important; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:active , .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4 .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf91be42ad59070ac2f2fee273f6ecca4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: RIAA vs napster EssayP (2000) Rethinking Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Harlow, England Mah. A. Y (2001) Watching the tree, Harper Collins Publishers Mullins. L (1999) Management and Organisational Behaviour, 5th Edition, Pitman Publishing Schirato. T and Yell. S (2000) Communication and Culture: An Introduction, Sage, London Journal Articles Bate. P (1990) Using the culture concept in an organisation development setting, Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, Vol. 26 (1), pp. 83-106 Cohen. L and Musson. G (2000) Entrepreneurial identities: Reflections from two case studies, Organisation, Vol. 7 (1), pp. 31-48 Keenoy. T, Oswick. C, Grant. D (1997) Organisational Discourses: Text and Context, Organisation, Vol. 4 (2), pp. 147-157 Levitt. T (1983) The globalisation of markets in Harvard Business Review, May-June, pp. 92-102 Mwaura. G, Sutton. J, Roberts. D (1998) Corporate and national culture an irreconcilable dilemma for the hospitality manager? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 10 (6), pp. 212-220 Watson. T (1995) Rhetoric, Discourse and Argument in Organisational Sense Making: A reflexive tale, Organisational Studies, Vol.16 (5), pp. 805-821 Contributions and Proceedings etc Books Atkinson. E (1990) Creating cultural change, Management Services, Vol. 34 (7), pp. 6-10 in Mullins. L (1999) Management and Organisational Behaviour, 5th Edition, Pitman Publishing De Beugrande. R (1997) The story of Discourse in Van Dijk. T (ed. ) (1997) Discourse as Structure and Process. Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, Vol. 1, Sage, London Mcgoldrick. P (1995) Introduction to international retailing in McGoldrick. P and Davies. G (Ed. ), International Retailing: Trends and Strategies, Pitman, pp. 1-13 Journal Articles Bond. H and Kwang-kuo. H (1986) The social psychology of Chinese people, in Bond. H (ed. ) The psychology of the Chinese people, Oxford university press, Oxford, in Mwaura. G, Sutton. J, Roberts. D (1998) Corporate and national culture an irreconcilable dilemma for the hospitality manager? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 10 (6), pp. 212-220 Child. J and Markoczy. L (1993) Host country managerial behaviour and learning in Chinese and Hungarian joint ventures, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 30 (4), pp. 612-29 in Mwaura. G, Sutton. J, Roberts. D (1998) Corporate and national culture an irreconcilable dilemma for the hospitality manager? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 10 (6), pp. 212-220 Jones. P (1993) Studying society: Sociology theories and research practices, Sociology and Science, Collins Educational, London in Mwaura. G, Sutton. J, Roberts. D (1998) Corporate and national culture an irreconcilable dilemma for the hospitality manager? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 10 (6), pp. 212-220.

Rationale For Tourism Development In India Tourism Essay Essay Example

Rationale For Tourism Development In India Tourism Essay Essay Part 1: Tourism Development Before traveling deep into assignment there are some footings which we have to take into consideration. Footings are explained below- Tourism TourismA isA travelA forA recreational, A leisureA orA businessA intents. TheA World Tourism OrganizationA definesA touristsA as people who travel to and remain in topographic points outside their usual environment for more than 24 ( 24 ) hours and non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intents non related to the exercising of an activity remunerated from within the topographic point visited. We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale For Tourism Development In India Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale For Tourism Development In India Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rationale For Tourism Development In India Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tourist- Tourist is individual who travels from his residential topographic point to non-residential topographic point for pleasance, concern or personal grounds, the continuance of the stay is non more than six month at non residential topographic point of the traveller. What is rational development? Rational development normally relates to the fortunes that causes development to any finish or topographic point. ( Badjatia, 2008 ) Chosen finish? As per the outlook of the assignment India has been chosen as a finish for the same. Rational for touristry development in India Socio-economic development of countries Tourism conferred considerable socio-economic benefits to the: Community thereby elating the quality of life. It can farther further development even in countries where other economic activities would be hard to prolong. Increasing employment chances Tourism industry generates employment straight and indirectly, for about 13-14 million people. Employment chances should be at least two-base hit of the present degree before the bend of the century. Developing domestic touristry particularly for the budget class Domestic tourers form the majority of universe tourer traffic. In India besides, installations for domestic tourers will be improved and expanded peculiarly the budget class so as to guarantee an low-cost vacation for them effects of touristry on civilization and the environment in India. Development of international touristry and optimisation of foreign exchange net incomes. International touristry contributes well to foreign exchange net incomes and maintaining in position the state s demands, touristry lament be so developed that foreign exchange net incomes addition from Rs. 2440 crores to Rs. 10,000 crores by the terminal of the century ( US $ 813 to 3,333 million @ Rs.30 per US S ) . Diversification of the touristry merchandise While retaining the traditional image of cultural touristry that India enjoys, variegation of the touristry merchandise would go on, peculiarly the field of leisure, escapade, convention and incentive touristry, thereby reacting to the altering consumer demands. Addition in India s portion in universe touristry Soon the foreign tourer reachings in India constitute merely approximately 0.4 per cent of the entire foreign tourers motion all over the universe. One of the aims of the action program would be to increase India s portion to 1 per cent within the following five old ages ( unesdoc.unesco.org ) Preservation of national heritage and environment Tourism would be developed in a mode that our cultural look and heritage are presented in all its manifestations including support to humanistic disciplines and trades. Preservation and enrichment of environment should besides organize an built-in portion of touristry development. Stakeholders Person, A group, or organisation that has direct or indirect stakeA in an organisation because it can impact or be affected by theA organizationsA actions, A objectives, andA policies. Key stakeholders in aA businessA organisation includeA creditors, clients, A managers, A employees, A governmentA ( and its bureaus ) , A ownersA ( stockholders ) , A providers, A brotherhoods, and theA communityA from which the concern draws its resources. ( www.businessdictionary.com ) Stakeholders in India Creditors Tourists Tourism organisations Government organisations Foreign currency Investors Stakeholders profiting from touristry in India Geting capital to put in development of tourer finish. Foreign currency In the state increases ensuing into direct development. Coevals of employment Better life manner of the people in the place state. A UNWTO proficient manual: Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics A ( PDF ) . World Tourism Organization. 1995. p. 14. Badjatia, K. ( 2008 ) . The Rational Development ( 2 ed. ) . Indore: A.K. Publishers. hypertext transfer protocol: //unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001216/121600eo.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html

Roman Law essays

Roman Law essays The Romans have had almost every type of government there is. They've had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they are descended from Romulus, who's father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After any type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government. When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long years of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas' wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a place to found a new Troy, but he couldn't find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very worried about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods about "Since you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas, The hidden pages of fate and speak of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for you And conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own people And build walled cities for them; the third summer Shall see him rule in Latium, the third winter Of warfare see the Rutulians [an Italian tribe] subdued. It is he who shall consolidate your power- For thirty years with all their turning months;...

Carpe Diem in Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carpe Diem in Poetry - Essay Example Each path will take him to a very different destination, but from where he is standing at this point he doesn’t know the end result. He is pondering which road is his choice. Should he take the road most travelers take; or should he take the road a little different. He probably anticipates what his future holds, but will always wonder where the other road can carry him. However, if he takes the road expected of him and it doesn’t work out, â€Å"Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back;† he doubts if he will have the opportunity to make another choice. But yet in the last stanza he made his decision; he took the road that not many take, and apparently it worked out well. As time has moved on, he was not given a chance for another choice. However, he is happy with the outcome of his chosen path. Considering the line, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh,† what does this mean? When the future comes, and I look back on my life and what could have been, did I make the right decision? How could my life have been different if I had taken another path? The fact remains you have to make a decision and no one knows what the outcome. When you come to the end of your life you realize that you don’t know what the right choice is until it’s all over. ... Looking at â€Å"To his Coy Mistress,† Andrew Marvell is truly taken by the beauty of this woman. â€Å"My vegetable love should grow,† he is comparing his love to how you grow to love vegetables. It’s a feeling that sustains the body, mind and soul. He adores this woman and wants to be with her, and he is telling her that he wants to show his heart. He, however, wants to make sure that everything is perfect for them. In the second paragraph, the mood changes a little and he is feeling that time is nearing and he wants to move things along a little quicker. He is afraid that if he waits too long he will not have the chance to be with her and show his love. In the third and final paragraph, he turns back to his feelings for the woman and how deeply he feels. â€Å"Our sweetness, up into one ball; And tear our pleasures with rough strife,† he wants to be with her in whatever life throws at them. In this paragraph Marvell shows â€Å"carpe diem,† to se ize the moment. He is saying that no one knows what life will bring, but that we can seize the present moment and make our own life together. We can grab the fire of life and move forward together. In Robert Herrick’s â€Å"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time,† he puts it in a very simple form. â€Å"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,† means to take advantage of youth while you have the chance, don’t wait until you are old and to much time has passed. The rose symbolizes life, and the bud virgins, the cycles of nature that represent the cycles of life. Just as life changes through cycles, youth, adulthood, marriage, children, and death; so does a rose. A rose sprouts buds and produces a flower, and eventually withers and loses it petals. He also states that with youth the, â€Å"blood